27 January 2026
Volume as the third witness in the room
A short method for adding volume to oscillator and average readings without turning the page into a crowd of lines.
Two oscillators can agree while the tape is empty. We therefore keep volume as a witness, not as a fourth oscillator. On printed sheets, volume sits under price as a simple histogram. Students mark only three states: expanding, fading, or unchanged relative to the last comparable swing.
When oscillators agree and volume expands in the same direction, the sentence on the board may say “supported.” When oscillators agree and volume fades, the sentence must say “unsupported.” We do not invent extra vocabulary for those two cases.
Keep the histogram uncluttered. If a student adds on-balance volume, money flow, and three oscillators, the page becomes a chorus with no conductor. Confluence works when each witness has a distinct job.